Mathew Carvalho vs Lucia Rocha

23CV-01534 Mathew Carvalho vs Lucia Rocha

Motion to Add Judgment Defendants Pursuant to CCP 187

Plaintiff’s motion to add judgment defendants pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 187 is DENIED.

Plaintiff’s request for judicial notice, filed April 15, 2026, is GRANTED.

Plaintiff’s request for judicial notice, filed May 14, 2026, is GRANTED.

To prevail on the motion, the judgment creditor must show, by a preponderance of the evidence, that: “(1) the parties to be added as judgment debtors had control of the underlying litigation and were virtually represented in that proceeding; (2) there is such a unity of interest and ownership that the separate personalities of the entity and the owners no longer exist; and (3) an inequitable result will follow if the acts are treated as those of the entity alone.” (Highland Springs Conference & Training Center v. City of Banning (2016) 244 Cal.App.4th 267, 280.)

Here, the analysis stops at step 1. There is no evidence that the judgment debtor to be added, Deanna M. Carvalho Rocha, “had control of the underlying litigation and were virtually represented in that proceeding.” (Highland, supra, at p. 280.)

This is especially true where judgment was entered by default as it would result in a denial of due process of law. (See Motores De Mexicali v. Superior Court (1958) 51 Cal.2d 172, 176 [“To summarily add [individuals] to the judgment heretofore running only against [the corporation], without allowing them to litigate any questions beyond their relation to the allegedly alter ego corporation would patently violate this constitutional safeguard. . . . They were under no duty to appear and defend personally in that action, since no claim had been made against them personally.”]; see also Wolf Metals Inc. v.

Rand Pacific Sales, Inc. (2016) 4 Cal.App.5th 698, 709 [“[Defendant] offered no defense to [Plaintiff’s], suit and the judgment against it was entered by default. Accordingly, the trial court erred in amending the default judgment to include appellants as judgment debtors on the basis of an ‘alter ego’ theory.”].)

Motores and Wolf Metals are not inapposite as argued by Plaintiff on reply. The facts here are similar to that in Motores and Wolf Metals in that the judgment debtor to be added was not named in the underlying lawsuit, and as judgment was entered by default had no opportunity to offer a defense. In short, Ms. Rocha’s interests were not represented in the underlying action. Providing an opposition to the instant motion does not cure this and is not equivalent to defending the underlying lawsuit on which the default judgment is based.